The Orpheus Cup

Johann Wilhelm Baur|Hans Georg Bramer|Jan Vermeyen|Anonymous Viennese enamel painter

1641–42, the jeweled elements on the lid in the form of animals, amorini holding bow and quiver, and the statuettes of Orpheus and Diana, Prague, ca.1600 · Gold, cast, embossed, and engraved; enamel, ronde-bosse and painted; rubies · European Sculpture and Decorative Arts

The harmony of this cup’s complex iconographic composition, expressed in rubies and enameled gold, is the extraordinary achievement of four distinct hands working for the Imperial Courts in Prague and Vienna. The enameled animals and statuettes of Orpheus and Diana on the cover were made around 1600 in the Prague Imperial Workshop by Jan Vermeyen, Emperor Rudolf II’s favorite goldsmith. Forty years later, they were recovered from the Imperial Collection by the ingenious Hans Georg Bramer, goldsmith to Emperor Ferdinand III. Bramer designed the cup to cradle the precious figures perfectly, uniting them within a complex iconographic program of painted enamel ovals illustrating scenes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses; bringing only the best artisans together. The centrality of Orpheus to the cup’s design likely reflects the Emperor’s interest in music, as the legendary hero was known for the calming effect of his lyre, which brought peace even to the Argo’s violent crew. It may also reference Ferdinand III’s dynastic ambitions: ruler of the Holy Roman Empire at the end of the bloody Thirty Years War, he sought to leave a legacy of peace in his lands.

Artist

Johann Wilhelm Baur|Hans Georg Bramer|Jan Vermeyen|Anonymous Viennese enamel painter

Date

1641–42, the jeweled elements on the lid in the form of animals, amorini holding bow and quiver, and the statuettes of Orpheus and Diana, Prague, ca.1600

Medium

Gold, cast, embossed, and engraved; enamel, ronde-bosse and painted; rubies

Culture

Austrian, Vienna

Department

European Sculpture and Decorative Arts

Credit line

Purchase, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Acquisitions Fund, 2020