Cylinder seal with mythological contest scene

Unknown

late 9th–8th century BCE · Neutral Chalcedony (Quartz) · Ancient Near Eastern Art

Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. This seal shows a figure standing behind a striding archer, who stands on a winged lion-griffin monster with scorpion tail. A rearing lion-griffin stands on a cross-hatched platform. A number of objects are arranged in the empty spaces of the pictorial field including a star, crescent, and fish.

Artist

Unknown

Date

late 9th–8th century BCE

Medium

Neutral Chalcedony (Quartz)

Culture

Assyrian

Department

Ancient Near Eastern Art

Credit line

Gift of Nanette B. Kelekian, in memory of Charles Dikran and Beatrice Kelekian, 1999